Type 1 diabetes mellitus and diet. TYPE 1 DIABETES OVERVIEWDiet and physical activity are critically important in the management of the ABCs (A1. C, Blood pressure and Cholesterol) of type 1 diabetes. To effectively manage glycated hemoglobin (A1. C) and achieve stable blood sugar control, it is important to understand how to balance food intake, physical activity, and insulin. Making healthy food choices every day has both immediate and long- term effects. With education, practice, and assistance from a dietitian and/or a diabetes educator, it is possible to eat well and control diabetes. This topic discusses how to manage diet in people with type 1 diabetes. The role of diet and activity in managing blood pressure and cholesterol is reviewed separately. Many of these factors are controlled by the person with diabetes, including how much and what is eaten, how frequently the blood sugar is monitored, physical activity levels, and accuracy and consistency of medication dosing. Even small changes can affect blood sugar control. Eating a consistent amount of food every day and taking medications as directed can greatly improve blood sugar control and decrease the risk of diabetes- related complications, such as coronary artery disease, kidney disease, and nerve damage. In addition, these measures impact weight control. A dietitian can help to create a food plan that is tailored to your medical needs, lifestyle, and personal preferences. TYPE 1 DIABETES AND MEAL TIMINGConsistently eating at the same times every day is important for some people, especially those who take long- acting insulin (eg, NPH). EATING PLAN FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES. The Glycemic Index diet was developed by David Jenkins, a professor of nutrition and reasearcher at the University of Toronto. Diabete e dieta: ecco tutti i cibi e le loro combinazioni per tenere sotto controllo l'indice glicemico, dimagrarire e stare meglio. Most adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes are at high risk for cardiovascular. ![]() ![]() If a meal is skipped or delayed, you are at risk for developing low blood glucose. People who use intensive insulin therapy (those on an insulin pump or multiple daily insulin injections) have more flexibility around meal timing. With these regimens, skipping or delaying a meal does not usually increase the risk of low blood sugar. High fat meals — Foods or meals that are high in fat (eg, pizza) may be eaten occasionally, although blood glucose levels should be monitored more closely. High- fat meals are broken down more slowly than low- fat meals. When using rapid acting insulin (eg, Humalog, Novolog) before a meal, the blood sugar level may become low shortly after eating a high fat meal and then rise hours later. ![]() La dieta di chi affetto da diabete dovrebbe essere ben equilibrata in quanto una sana alimentazione . Per mantenere costanti i valori di. Diabetes Diet: Create Your Healthy-Eating Plan (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Eat Right (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in. La dieta per il diabete: cibi s. Controllare l'alimentazione . Scopri cosa mangiare e cosa evitare. People who use an insulin pump can use an extended insulin delivery regimen to better manage blood sugar levels after eating a high- fat meal. People who give insulin injections do not generally adjust their treatment based upon the fat content of their meal. TYPE 1 DIABETES AND CARBOHYDRATE CONSISTENCYCarbohydrates are the main energy source in the diet, and include starches, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, and sugars. ![]() Most meats and fats do not contain any carbohydrates. Carbohydrates have a direct impact on the blood sugar level whereas proteins and fat have little to no impact. Eating a consistent amount of carbohydrates at each meal can help to control blood sugar levels, especially if you take long- acting insulin (eg, NPH). There are several ways to calculate carbohydrate content of a meal, including carbohydrate counting and exchange planning. Carbohydrate counting — A dietitian usually helps to determine the number of carbohydrates needed at each meal and snack, based upon your usual eating habits, insulin regimen, body weight, nutritional goals, and activity level. In most people, between 4. The way carbohydrates are divided up for each meal or snack is based upon personal preferences, meal timing and spacing, and type of insulin regimen (table 1). The number of carbohydrates in a food can be determined by reading the nutrition label, consulting a reference book or website, carrying a database on a personal digital assistant (PDA), or using the Exchange system. Restaurants usually have this information available upon request. Eating more than one serving will increase the number of calories and carbohydrates consumed and the dose of insulin needed to cover the meal. For example, some pre- packaged snacks contain two or more servings. To calculate the carbohydrate content of the entire package, multiply the number of servings by the number of carbohydrates. When a serving of food has more than 5 grams of fiber, the grams of fiber should be subtracted from the grams of carbohydrates to calculate the insulin dose (figure 1) . In this system, one serving of a carbohydrate (eg, one small apple) can be exchanged for any other carbohydrate (eg, 1/3 cup cooked pasta) because both servings contain about 1. You can also easily determine the carbohydrate content of your meals and snacks using the Exchange system (table 2). The exchange lists also identify foods that are good sources of fiber, and foods that have a high sodium content. A dietitian can help you determine how many servings of each group should be eaten at each meal and snack (table 2) and the typical carbohydrate content of each meal and snack. Intensive insulin therapy — People who use an insulin pump or take multiple injections of rapid- acting insulin per day can adjust their pre- meal insulin dose based upon the number of carbohydrates they plan to eat and their pre- meal blood sugar. This requires the person to perform basic arithmetic. The pre- meal insulin dose is calculated by dividing the number of carbohydrates to be consumed by the number of carbohydrates covered by one unit of insulin (insulin- to- carbohydrate ratio). This dose is then adjusted based upon the pre- meal blood sugar reading (see correction factor below). Some insulin pumps can perform these calculations. ![]() This allows you to calculate the dose of rapid- acting insulin needed to cover a meal or snack. For example, if the insulin- to- carbohydrate ratio is 1 to 1. If you ate a meal with 7. Most insulin pumps are able to give tenths of a unit, so that 7. Prevent or delay type 2 diabetes by lowering your weight and exercising. The right diet can help. Learn the right foods to. The Right Diet for Prediabetes. Eating well; Eating Well. Having a healthy diet and being active is an important part of managing diabetes because it will. The correction factor can be determined by a dietitian or diabetes educator. For example, let's assume that the correction factor is 3. If the pre- meal blood sugar was 2. ![]() L and the goal blood sugar was 1. L, take 2. 40 minus 1. Then divide 1. 20 by 3. For patients whose blood sugar is measured in mmol/L, a different formula is used. ![]() Dieta para la diabetes gestacional (Enciclopedia M. MedlinePlus actualizaciones por email. Reciba actualizaciones sobre Dieta. Learn meal-planning methods and what foods to choose. Includes sample menu. ![]() ![]() Let's assume a correction factor of 2. If the pre- meal blood sugar was 1. L and the goal blood sugar was 6 mmol/L, take 1. Then divide 8 by 2 = 4 extra units of insulin to correct the high blood sugar. WHAT SHOULD I EAT? While protein and fat do not affect blood glucose levels significantly, they do contribute to the number of calories consumed. Eating a consistent number of calories every day can help to maintain body weight. An individual's recommended calorie intake is discussed below. Saturated and trans fats are found in solid fats like cheese, red meats, butter, margarine, and shortening. People with diabetes are at increased risk for heart disease and stroke, and eating a diet low in saturated and trans fats and cholesterol can help to manage cholesterol levels and decrease these risks. The major sources of cholesterol in the diet are foods such as organ meats and egg yolks. Shrimp and squid are also moderately high in cholesterol, but can be included in your diet occasionally because they are low in fat. People with CKD are sometimes advised to eat a low- protein diet. For people with diabetes and heart failure, a low sodium diet may reduce symptoms. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tested and approved five artificial sweeteners: aspartame (Equal, Nutra. Sweet), saccharin (Sweet'N Low, Sugar Twin), acesulfame- K (Sunnet, Sweet One), neotame, and sucralose (Splenda). Stevia (sometimes called Rebaudioside A or rebiana) comes from the stevia plant and is now generally recognized as safe by the FDA as a food additive and table top sweetener. When something is generally recognized as safe by the FDA, it means that experts have agreed that it is safe for use by the public in appropriate amounts. Sugar alcohols (sorbitol, xylitol, lactitol, mannitol, and maltitol) are often used to sweeten sugar- free candies and gum, and increase blood sugar levels slightly. When calculating the carbohydrate content of foods, one- half of the sugar alcohol content should be counted in the total carbohydrate content of the food. Eating too much sugar alcohol at one time can cause cramping, gas, and diarrhea. This is no longer necessary, although sugar should be eaten in moderation. If you take insulin, calculate your dose based upon the number of carbohydrates, which already includes the sugar content, as described above. Read the nutrition label carefully and compare it to other similar products that are not sugar- or fat- free to determine which has the best balance of serving size and number of calories, carbohydrates, fat, and fiber. Some sugar- free foods, such as diet soda, sugar- free gelatin, and sugar- free gum, do not have a significant number of calories or carbohydrates, and are considered . To lose weight, he should eat 1. As weight is lost, his recommended calorie intake should be recalculated. TYPE 1 DIABETES, DIET, AND WEIGHTYour weight is a direct reflection of how much you have eaten and how active you are. Eating a consistent number of calories every day can help to control blood sugar levels and maintain body weight. Avoiding weight gain — Weight gain is a potential side effect of intensive insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes. To avoid weight gain, the following tips are recommended. Weight gains of more than 2 to 3 pounds indicate a need to decrease what you eat or increase your activity. Do not wait until weight increases by 1. The recommended amount of exercise is 3. If exercise is vigorous and prolonged (more than thirty minutes), check your blood sugar every fifteen minutes (if the exercise regimen is new and will be used again). Frequent monitoring can help to get a sense of what effect exercise has on your blood sugar level. If your blood sugar becomes low during exercise, eat a snack according to the guidelines below.
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