![]() Northern England - Wikipedia. Northern England. North of England, The North, North Country. Region. The three Northern England government regions shown within England, without regional boundaries. Other cultural definitions of the North vary. ![]() Sovereign state. United Kingdom. Country. England. Largest settlements. Area . It extends from the Scottish border in the north to the River Trent in the south, although precise definitions of its southern extent vary. Northern England approximately comprises three statistical regions: the North East, North West and Yorkshire and the Humber. These have a combined population of around 1. Census and an area of 3. Northern England contains much of England's national parkland but also has large areas of urbanisation, including the conurbations of Greater Manchester, Merseyside, Teesside, Tyneside, Wearside, South and West Yorkshire. The region has been controlled by many groups, from the Brigantes, the largest Brythonic kingdom of Great Britain, to the Romans, to Anglo- Saxons, Celts and Danes. After the Norman conquest in 1. Harrying of the North brought destruction. The area experienced Anglo–Scottish border fighting until the unification of Britain under the Stuarts, with some parts changing hands between England and Scotland many times. Many of the innovations of the Industrial Revolution began in Northern England, and its cities were the crucibles of many of the political changes that accompanied this social upheaval, from trade unionism to Manchester Capitalism. ![]() ![]() ![]() In the late 1. 9th and early 2. North was dominated by heavy industry such as weaving, shipbuilding, steelmaking and mining. The deindustrialisation that followed in the second half of the 2. Northern England hard, and many towns remain deprived compared to Southern England. Urban renewal projects and the transition to a service economy have resulted in strong economic growth in some parts of Northern England, but a definite North–South divide remains both in the economy and the culture of England. Centuries of migration, invasion and labour have shaped Northern culture, and the region retains distinctive dialects, music and cuisine. Definitions. This area consists of the ceremonial counties of Cheshire, Cumbria, County Durham, East Riding of Yorkshire, Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside, Northumberland, North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, Tyne and Wear and West Yorkshire, plus the unitary authority areas of North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire. A prolific try scorer, Chris Ashton’s performances in a Saracens shirt since his arrival from rivals Northampton Saints have underlined his reputation as one of. Saracens would like to place cookies on your computer to allow you to order from this site. By continuing to use this website, it will be assumed that you have given. Major Currency Pairs Forex Quotes - forex.tradingcharts.com forex.tradingcharts.com/quotes/major Rugby information from Gloucester Rugby This definition will be used in this article, except when otherwise stated. The Isle of Man is occasionally included in definitions of . Towns in the High Peak borough of Derbyshire are included in the Greater Manchester Built- Up Area, due to their close proximity to the city of Manchester, and before this the borough was considered to be part of the Greater Manchester Statutory City Region. More recently, the Chesterfield, North East Derbyshire, Bolsover, and Derbyshire Dales districts have joined with districts of South Yorkshire to form the Sheffield City Region, along with the Bassetlaw district of Nottinghamshire, although for all other purposes these districts still remain in their respective East Midlands counties. The geographer Danny Dorling includes most of the West Midlands and part of the East Midlands in his definition of the North, claiming that . When asked to draw a dividing line between North and South, Southerners tend to draw this line further south than Northerners do. The geography of the North has been heavily shaped by the ice sheets of the Pleistocene era, which often reached as far south as the Midlands. Glaciers carved deep, craggy valleys in the central uplands, and, when they melted, deposited large quantities of fluvio- glacial material in lowland areas like the Cheshire and Solway Plains. The needs of trade and industry have produced an almost continuous thread of urbanisation from the Wirral Peninsula to Doncaster, taking in the cities of Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, and Sheffield, with a population of at least 7. ![]() Its temperature range and sunshine duration is similar to the UK average and it sees substantially less rain than Scotland or Wales. These averages disguise considerable variation across the region, due chiefly to the upland regions and adjacent seas. As a result, Teesside and the Northumbrian coast are the driest regions in the North, with around 6. Lake District receive over 3,2. Lowland regions in the more southern parts of Northern England such as Cheshire and South Yorkshire are the warmest, with average maximum July temperatures of over 2. The area has a reputation for cloud and fog – especially the east coast, which experiences a distinctive sea fog known as fret – although the Clean Air Act 1. All of Northern England, as well as part of the Midlands, is included inside the /. Official site includes news, history, an introduction to the various sports and their rules, programs, structures, and events. Irish based independent sports news website, offering live score commentary updates on GAA, Airtricity League, RaboPro12, Athletics and Heineken Cup. Official site includes news, pictures, fixtures, milestones, and county information. Dialects spoken in the North include Cumbrian, Geordie (Newcastle), Mancunian (Manchester), Pitmatic (Northumberland), Scouse (Liverpool) and Tyke (Yorkshire). Linguists have attempted to define a Northern dialect area, corresponding to the area north of a line that begins at the Humber estuary and runs up the River Wharfe and across to the River Lune in north Lancashire. However, the linguistic elements that defined this area in the past, such as the use of doon instead of down and substitution of an ang sound in words that end - ong (lang instead of long), are now prevalent only in the more northern parts of the region. As speech has changed, there is little consensus on what defines a . Other features common to many Northern English accents are the absence of the FOOT–STRUT split (so put and putt are homophones), the reduction of the definite articlethe to a glottal stop (usually represented in writing as t'), and the T- to- R rule that leads to the pronunciation of t as a rhotic consonant in words and phrases like matter () and get up (). The pronounsthou and thee survive in some Northern English dialects, although these are dying out outside very rural areas, and many dialects have an informal second- person plural pronoun: either ye (common in the North East) or yous (common in areas with historical Irish communities). Many dialects use me as a possessive (. Possessive pronouns are also used to mark the names of relatives in speech (for example, a relative called Joan would be referred to as . However, Northern English dialects are an important part of the culture of the region, and the desire of speakers to assert their local identity has led to accents such as Scouse and Geordie becoming more distinctive and spreading into surrounding areas. For instance, the variety of English spoken by Poles in Manchester is distinct both from typical Polish- accented English and from Mancunian. At a local level, the diversity of immigrant communities means that some languages that are extremely rare in the country as a whole have strongholds in Northern towns: Pashto is spoken natively by 0. England but 0. 7% of the population of Bradford, while Cantonese is the first language of 0. Manchester compared to 0. The northern- most cave art in Europe is found at Creswell Crags in northern Derbyshire, near modern- day Sheffield, which shows signs of Neanderthal inhabitation 5. Creswellian culture around 1. Whether the Brigantes were a unified group or a looser federation of tribes around the Pennines is debated, but the name appears to have been adopted by the inhabitants of the region, which was known by the Romans as Brigantia. Other tribes mentioned in ancient histories, which may have been part of the Brigantes or separate nations, are the Carvetii of modern- day Cumbria and the Parisi of east Yorkshire. Bernicia and Deira were first united as Northumbria by Aethelfrith, a king of Bernicia who conquered Deira around the year 6. In the winter of 1. Yorkshire as well as northern Lancashire and County Durham. Chroniclers at the time reported a hundred thousand deaths – modern estimates place the total somewhere in the tens of thousands, out of a population of two million. In the 1. 13. 9 peace treaty that followed, Prince Henry of Scotland was made Earl of Northumberland and kept the counties of Cumberland, Westmorland and Northumbria. These reverted to English control in 1. England–Scotland border. Royal power over the region was exercised through the Council of the North at King's Manor, York, which was founded in 1. Richard III. The Council existed intermittently for the next two centuries – its final incarnation was created in the aftermath of the Pilgrimage of Grace and was chiefly an institution for providing order and dispensing justice. The border counties were invaded by Scotland in the Second Bishops' War, and at the 1. Treaty of Ripon. King Charles I was forced to temporarily cede Northumberland and County Durham to the Scots and pay to keep the Scottish armies there. In 1. 64. 1, the Long Parliament abolished the Council of the North for perceived abuses during the Personal Rule period. Mining and milling, which had been practiced on a small scale in the area for generations, began to grow and centralise. High quality steel in turn fed the shipyards that opened along the coasts, especially on Tyneside and at Barrow- in- Furness. By 1. 88. 1 there were 3. Orange organisations in Lancashire, 7. North East, and 4. Yorkshire. Some immigrants were well- to- do industrialists seeking to do business in the booming industrial cities, some were escaping poverty, some were servants or slaves, some were sailors who chose to settle in the port towns, some were Jews fleeing pogroms on the continent, and some were migrants originally stranded at Liverpool after attempting to catch an onwards ship to the United States or to colonies of the British Empire. In the interwar years, the Northern economy began to be eclipsed by the South – in 1. The Great Depression highlighted the weakness of Northern England's specialised economy: as world trade declined, demand for ships, steel, coal and textiles all fell. The Blitz of 1. 94.
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